Full-Length Simulated Practice Exam

Which of the following answers most closely represents the stage in Erikson’s theory that correlates with Freud’s genital stage?

Cognitive differentiation refers to a continuous process of evaluating one’s self-in-situation, self-in-world, and self-orientation in work. Integration refers to making one’s self fit with society. Both concepts are important in connecting cognitive development (ego identity) and career development (decision-making) and are the focus of which of the following theorists?

A model of therapy that emphasizes engagement, involvement, and disentanglement as phases of therapy is ____________________ .

The term that describes when adolescents think everyone is as preoccupied with them as they are with themselves is

Erikson’s theory attributes development to a/an ________ stemming from a person’s need to adapt to his or her ________ environment.

The period of prenatal development that occurs between 3-8 weeks and during which time the major body structures and organs are developing is

Piaget used this term to describe the development of understanding that an object could change and return to its former shape. Which of the following accurately reflects the term used to describe this returning to its former shape?

“If a miracle occurred tonight and you woke up in the morning without a need for controlling your spouse, how would you know that the problem had been resolved? What would be different?” This is an example of a

The term which refers to the degree to which professionals lack up-to-date knowledge of skills necessary to maintain effective performance in either their current or future work roles is called

Which of the following may occur during middle adulthood?

The term undifferentiated family ego mass would be a possible further description of which of the following concepts?

All of the following are considered an archetype by Jung EXCEPT:

Which of the following answers most correctly includes techniques vital to Bowen’s family systems therapy?

Terminal and investigative decisions are part of which career theory?

The theory espoused by Ginzberg et al has been found useful

A common problem that causes much distress in marital adjustment is

Which of the following answers gives two of the axioms of communications theory?

The developmental theory that is known as the multiple approach, considered the most comprehensive of developmental theories, emphasizes self-concept, and uses a life-stage model for career transition was developed by

Which of the following terms is used by family therapists to characterize family systems with diffuse and unclear boundaries between members?

Williamson is NOT known for all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following originated the phrase “the tyranny of the shoulds?”

Which of the following areas of development was the focus of Gesell’s model?

Which of the following is NOT a key concept to the Cognitive Behavioral family model?

Chartrand indicated that contemporary models of __________ approaches have evolved into “person x environment” approaches.

Prominent decision-making theorists include all of the following EXCEPT:

Anthony, who is 10 years old, decides to put his bike in the garage to avoid being grounded by his parents. He is most likely at which stage of Kohlberg’s model for moral development?

The experiential model of adult development has its emphasis

Which model of therapy comes from a social constructionist perspective?

Which of the following terms most accurately describes the process of parents passing on their own problems to their children because they (the parent) refuse to deal with their problem?

Kohlberg describes moral development as occurring in fixed, consecutive stages. At which stage is an individual who helps someone fix a flat tire hoping to receive money for the gesture?

Which of the following answers correctly defines the family type that is typified by family members acting autonomously with no interdependence on other family members?

Barbara Okun’s developmental theory centers around three life cycles and three life stages, each contingent on successful development in the previous. Her human relations counseling model identifies the three life stages as being

Which of the following is an important goal in the Cognitive Behavioral family model?

According to Freud, religious, ethical, and moral values reside in which portion of the personality?

Junior high aged children (12-15 years old) would not be described with which of the following statements?

Careers are chosen upon what basis, according to Holland?

A female worker who receives training, enters into a career and then ends the career upon marriage is described as having the career pattern of

Mary Ainsworth developed a study called the Strange Situation in which infants were observed as they were put through a calculated series of introductions, separations, and reunions with their primary caregiver and an adult stranger. Which of the following answers correctly describes the type of attachment when the baby uses the mother as a secure base from which to explore his or her environment?

Which of the listed terms is NOT a key concept in structural family therapy?

CACG Systems have been used in career guidance in which of the following ways?

Erikson believed that an infant should learn which of the following during the first year of life?

Vocational maturity is a term coined by

Tom was about to steal a book from Barnes and Noble but didn’t when he realized that he would be humiliated if he were caught. This illustrates, in Freud’s system, a conflict between the _________ and the __________.

Gilligan, like Kohlberg, believed that moral reasoning progresses through distinct stages that build on one another. Instead of six stages, Gilligan suggested that there were only three phases of female moral development. Which of the following answers states correctly one of those three levels?

Which of the following is a career interest inventory using Holland’s occupational model as the framework around which its results are structured?

Laura is an attractive adolescent who was recently spurned by her first true boyfriend and who as a consequence has started sucking her thumb a good deal. According to Freud, the term that best describes this type of personality development is

You spend one day a week traveling to see clients who have no transportation to yours or any office. This illustrates the moral principle of

As David, a professional counselor, listens to his client, he frequently makes verbal and non-verbal responses to what his client is saying in a way that says “I hear you…I’m with you…Continue…”. This is best described as the communication skill of

According to the experts which of the following does NOT fit in a list of characteristics of the multiculturally aware crisis worker?

LuAnn begins her session with her new counselor, Monica, by expressing her criticisms of her former counselor. Monica’s best technique is to

As Sue researched the general patterns exhibited in minority clients, he found that counselors who lack sensitivity to the needs of minority clients tend to

A counselor who assesses her clients through a/an __________________ view believes that her clients should change to fit the environment.

A client comes to a counselor complaining of “being generally unhappy.” As the discussion continues, the client is not able to specifically clarify this unhappiness. The client makes vague allusions to not having any purpose in his days and to not being interested in anything. Since nothing particular has surfaced up to this point, the counselor’s best action at this point would be to

Carkhuff et al, asserted that being an effective counselor requires more than an appropriate academic degree and credential. The effective counselor must exhibit certain qualities such as immediacy, which is

__________ development is the primary focus of Freud’s theory.

Effective cross-cultural counseling requires the counselor to be aware of the values of all of the following EXCEPT:

All of the following are important issues in counseling ethnic minorities EXCEPT:

Counselors who follow the beliefs of Ellis see passivity on the part of the counselor

The number one factor in determining a minority is

Pederson believes that effective cross-cultural counseling occurs in a triadic model of treatment intervention. Included in the triad are

Elements of BASIC ID include behavior, affective response, sensations, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relations, and

Carlos has just been promoted to a prominent national position within an international corporation. He explains to his group that the price of his success has been high since his marriage is floundering and his children are growing distant. Which of the following stages in his group will be most closely associated with dealing with personal issues and translating insight into action both in the group and outside of it?

When an individual represses self qualities and attributes them to others it is

Adult counseling groups are considered to be at their optimal size when they report having _________ members.

Which therapists view encouragement as a basic tool?

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development the following client behaviors suggests which stage of development? The client describes a new course of action that appears consistent with her values and life situation but fails to implement the plan, stating that her plan would fail.

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is based on

Which of the following principles acts as the basis for systematic desensitization?

The underlying assumption of humanistic-existential therapies is that

Which of the following is NOT true about marriage in the U.S.?

The terms unfinished business, resistance, peeling of an onion, phony layer, empty chair, exaggeration and rehearsal are typically used in

Hans Selye coined the term, general adaptation syndrome (GAS), to describe individual physiological response patterns to stress. The three stages of GAS following a stressor are

Which of the following terms accurately describes the altering of behavior based on the principles of learning theory?

The existential approach would NOT champion

Of all the group leader types, styles and levels of effectiveness, identify the type below that is usually most effective or the best according to Yalom.

Gestalt therapy emphasizes

It can truly be said regarding the application of behavioral techniques in a group that these techniques

Some therapists use in their therapy an altered state of consciousness involving extreme suggestibility known as

Of the following minority groups, which is usually considered to be most sensitive to non-verbal cues?

Concerning extinction procedures for the treatment of anxiety, it would be true that

The minority group considered to have the most elastic orientation to time is

In experiments related to conflict between groups, which of the following is NOT a research finding when groups are faced with conflict?

Which of the following theorists developed the approach used very effectively in treating depression?

A golfer comes to you seeking help to get over his fear of earth worms. As he related several incidents about losing tournaments he could not complete due to his fear, you began formulating your approach. Having the client imagine being on the golf course, rolling a log over while looking for his golf ball, and discovering several night crawlers would be illustrative of

The ideal size of a counseling group for adolescents is considered to be about:

Stress-inoculation is particularly appropriate for

Of the following steps, which is NOT included in intervention of violence?

Using the Johari window to illustrate feedback of what is known and unknown to self and known to others, the counselor discovers that as the public area goes up, an area that tends to go down is the

A definition of “acculturation” would be

Which of the following seems to garner the most favorable response from minority clients?

The demonstration of which of the following skills helps members devise alternative courses of thinking and action?

Jena is having problems with a particular group member who consistently asks personal questions that do not relate to group focus. She understands from her study of groups, that this member may best be described as

Rotter believes that a person who says fate controls their life has a/an

According to Aaron Beck dichotomous reasoning or the explanation of events in terms of polar opposite meanings is the basis of

Factors important to effective punishment include all of the following EXCEPT:

The focus of the existential group is applied to

Suit for damages under tort law would possibly not include any of the following EXCEPT:

Underlying the theory of individual psychology is the belief that humans as an integrated whole, have inner harmony, are goal directed, and are motivated by social urges in an effort to cooperate with society and establish a certain style of life. This theory was developed by

Jan makes sure that she is early for each of her appointments for counseling. During the sessions the counselor notices that Jan watches every move and is beginning to imitate what the counselor does. At the beginning of each session she relays how she has handled situations. The counselor identifies this transference and decides to use it to help Jan gain insight into her relationship patterns. Also, the counselor frames a number of Jan’s issues in terms of identity confusion. One of her treatment goals is stated: to recognize internal conflicts which relate back to her relationship wither biological and step parent figures. This approach seems most consistent with which theoretical model?

Psychoanalytic therapy is associated with the supposition that

A toddler discovers that a smile on the mom’s face means “yes” and a hug, but a frown means “no” and no hug. This is an example of

Which of the following personality structures represents the ego ideal and conscience?

What three levels of awareness are important elements of psychoanalysis?

Victor Frankl founded one form of existential therapy known as logotherapy. This theoretical model suggests all but which of the following?

Which of the following is considered a major limitation to group work?

Which of the following techniques would be included by a psychoanalytic group?

In the psychoanalytic model of therapy, maintaining the analytic framework is critical to the accomplishment of goals. All of the following are NOT factors involved in this technique EXCEPT:

When a test is advertised as supporting IDEA, it means that

The category “neurodevelopmental disorders” includes which of the following disorders?

A client has symptoms for 2+ weeks that are a change from prior functioning and include depressed mood, lack of interest, weight loss, energy loss, and suicidal thoughts. Given this information, the client would most likely be diagnosed with

A colleague is requesting information about a test that he/she is not familiar with. You are not familiar with the test either but you know you can probably learn about the test in a reference book written by

The MMPI-2 consists of how many test items?

Which of the following answers most accurately labels the method of evaluating test items based on the extent to which a particular question differentiates among examinees?

Which of the following scales on the MMPI-2 would describe a person’s dissatisfaction with life or their tendency to give up?

A counselor is discussing the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale with a colleague, and the term basal level comes up. Basal level refers to

When scores are referenced in terms of “pass” or “fail” and the scores can be compared to a standard, the test is most likely a

In somatic symptom disorder, the physical symptoms a patient experiences are thought to be caused by

The Binet-Simon Scale was based on

Which of the following multiple aptitude batteries is superior to the others in academic counseling situations where the ability to learn a wide range of subjects and skills is most important?

Which of the following “makes” an objective test objective?

A test constructed to describe or explain unobservable, underlying traits (intelligence) that explain performance is said to have

All of the following are examples of a specific learning disorder EXCEPT:

A 36-year-old female seeks counseling because she is not getting along with her husband. She has trouble concentrating and is fatigued. She has not been sleeping well for the last few weeks and tears up for no apparent reason. She reports that her periods of tearfulness and irritability are taking place more often than not. She has never attempted suicide or been hospitalized. These are symptomatic of

What is measured by the clinical scales (taken as a whole) on the MMPI-2?

Primary sex characteristics include

All of the following apply to Passive Aggressive Personality Disorder EXCEPT:

The most common graph, in which a point is drawn where the scores from the x-axis meet the frequency from the y-axis with a continuous line connecting the points is a

Researcher A is doing a study to determine whether or not there is a correlation between the age of students who attend counseling oriented programs and those who attend therapy oriented programs. She has a well designed study. She sets her level of significance at .01. Researcher B is conducting a study to determine if there is a correlation between parents’ degree of education and their variation in disciplinary techniques. She has a well designed study and sets her level of significance at .05. Which of the following answers most closely corresponds with a correct statement?

A correlation coefficient of -.61 means that there is

Professional organizations do much to promote the counseling profession. Identify the first professional counseling association, created in the early 1900’s.

Which perspective equips the counselor to be sensitive to physical, social, and psychological influences on the client’s mental health?

How are ethical principles for counselors generally described in professional codes of ethics?

The expectations of the researcher can sometimes affect the outcomes of experimental procedures. This refers to

As the standard deviation increases

Researcher Y is concerned that unanticipated outcomes might result from the administration of his experimental treatment. He assigns multiple persons to observe and rate the effect of his treatment. Researcher Y is attempting to control for ___________.

Which of the following emphasized the process of supervision as actually a modified form of therapy?

All of the following principles are reflected in the Ethical Standards of professional counselors EXCEPT:

The highest point of a normal distribution is represented by all of the following EXCEPT:

If a test has a mean of 150 and a standard deviation of 20, we know that

Which of the following answers correctly describes the mistake made by researchers known as a Type II error?

A 99% level of confidence in inferential statistics means

Group testing increased in popularity in the early 1900s due to the

Janet wants to establish a relationship between olive oil and cholesterol levels. The type of research design she will most likely use is

A group of 30 non-assertive adolescent girls was divided in half at random. Fifteen received group counseling to learn assertiveness skills and 15 received individual counseling. At the end of the study, the average levels of assertiveness and average gains in number of assertive responses were determined for each group. Identify the independent variable(s) in this study.

A supervisor determines that a supervisee is having difficulty responding appropriately to a client. In order to help the supervisee change her responses, the supervisor focuses on the internal dialogue that takes place within the supervisee regarding the client. The supervisor suggests new ways of viewing the client by engaging in alternative self-talk. What model of supervision is the supervisor most likely using?

Daniel, a 45-year-old man, is struggling with alcohol addiction. What is a key aspect of his treatment plan?

Sarah, a 30-year-old woman, seeks therapy for anxiety. During the assessment, it becomes apparent that her anxiety is primarily triggered by a traumatic event from her childhood. What initial treatment goal is most appropriate for Sarah?

There are three general considerations for counseling individuals in transition according to Schlossberg. They are

Maria, a 35-year-old woman, is struggling with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic event. What should be a primary focus in her treatment plan?

One important aspect to consider when planning therapeutic intervention is

According to Benne and Sheats, group task roles move the group toward their goals and include all of the following EXCEPT:

In treatment planning, what is the primary purpose of setting clear and measurable goals?

Maria, a 25-year-old college student, experiences recurrent depressive episodes with suicidal ideation. Which of the following is the most important initial treatment goal for Maria?

Lisa, a 40-year-old woman, is dealing with severe depression and social withdrawal. What should be an early goal in her treatment plan?

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), what is the primary focus of treatment planning?

Building a relationship, assessing reason for counseling, setting goals, identifying interventions, and preparing client for termination and follow-up are stages of counseling according to

A counselor who focuses on life-stage transition points in career counseling is using which of the following approaches?

Sarah, a 25-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. What should be a key aspect of her treatment plan?

Ohlsen describes twelve factors for group therapeutic potential that include

Parents of a toddler are proud of the short sentences their child is now coming up with periodically, especially now that the words are in correct order for syntax. This stage of language development is called

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic classes of anti-psychotic drugs?

Mary’s family belongs to the largest minority group in the U.S. She is at a higher risk for diabetes and death by homicide. Sue, however, has a strong sense of loyalty to family and ethnic group. She views direct eye contact as disrespectful. Sue is most characteristic of which minorities group?

Which of the following sexual disorders shows the highest treatment success rate?

This man first used the term mental test in his 1890 publication.

Which of the following models of therapy allows its users to suggest a paradoxical intervention?

Kitchener defines beneficence as

A newborn’s health is measured by

Richard Lazarus’s cognitive theory of stress consists of which phases?

A factor that may make a counselor vulnerable to spontaneous and reckless judgment in counseling sessions and is best contained by a conscious effort to change perception or circumstances is best described by the term

The two factor theory uses the term hygienes to describe

Parten’s six categories of social play refer to play with little or no rules but interactive as

The term “reciprocity,” as used regarding the professional licensure of counselors, means that

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has proven to be most useful in

In a group setting, the term that denotes an approach to the whole group as opposed to an individual member is called a

Reality therapy regards goals as

The person who proposed the theory of LAD, or language acquisition device, is

Preventing needless group floundering and increasing the pace of the group process is accomplished by employing the skill known as

The belief that environmental factors greatly influence the development of personality, can best be described by which theoretical perspective?

The term that best describes an inaccurate or false perception is

Current research indicates that, generally speaking, victims of abuse lack

Which of the following people was considered a strong proponent of career education?

Brain tumor cases are known to exhibit personality changes that are

A simple explanation of the basis for decision-making career theory would be

Which two men tested the same strains of rats that had been bred through selective breeding, choosing the brightest (best maze runners) through more than eight generations? They drew different conclusions regarding the intelligence of these mice.

Who is credited with formulating the eight psychological crises that closely parallel Tiedeman’s stages of career development?

Schwartz and Bion are associated with which group therapy model?

Which of the following answers correctly contains theorists of the brief solution oriented therapy model?

The examination of the skull would be germane to

Which of the following people is associated with psychodynamic play therapy?

In analyzing approaches to therapy, a systems approach to therapy is generally assumed to be most appropriately associated with

Kitchener defines autonomy as

Which of the following would describe a normative rather than an ipsative test?

The primary means of suicide attempts by females is

Which of the following is accurate regarding the most recent official norms for the Binet as compared with those of the 1930s and 1940s?

The five major dimensions of the five-factor theory can be measured by

Pauline’s employer has assigned her the task of compiling a list of qualified interpreters for their clinic. One of Pauline’s first concerns is how to maintain confidentiality with an additional person involved in the counseling sessions. In addition, she must survey the staff to determine what languages need to be represented. Ideally, an interpreter working with a staff of counselors would be

One of Yalom’s nine reasons for group dropouts is

This man administered the first group intelligence test.