NCE Simulation #1

Question 1 of 200

1. Question

Based upon current information, which of the following conditions is affected least by heredity?

Huntington's disease
Turner's syndrome
Schizophrenia
Eye color

Question 2 of 200

2. Question

Which of the following answers is the most LEAST likely result of Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

Intellectual disability
Alcohol addiction in the newborn
Facial malformations
Retarded physical growth

Question 3 of 200

3. Question

As a child, your parents taught you a great deal. At the same time, you changed their lives. Choose the basic characteristic of the contemporary lifespan view with which this statement is most closely allied?

Maturity is relative.
Developmental influences are bi-directional.
Development is a continuous process.
Development occurs in context.

Question 4 of 200

4. Question

As a school counselor, you are not surprised to find children exhibiting the most common type of emotional disorder during adolescence which is

oppositional disorder.
dependent personality disorder.
depression.
schizophrenia.

Question 5 of 200

5. Question

The process of grasping the deeper meanings of problems, being open-minded regarding varying approaches/perspectives, and practicing reflective thinking as opposed to accepting statements at face value is called

heuristics.
critical thinking.
cognitive monitoring.
metacognitive knowledge.

Question 6 of 200

6. Question

A metabolic defect which causes intellectual disability in newborns is

Turner's syndrome.
Down’s syndrome.
PKU.
hospitalism.

Question 7 of 200

7. Question

Which of the following is included in Chickering’s vectors?

Reality specific cognitions
Establishing identity
Redirection of emotional energy
Over-reaction to anxiety

Question 8 of 200

8. Question

According to Piaget, children end up thinking about moral issues in two dissimilar ways. Which of the following is one of those two thinking styles?

Homogenous morality
Hedonistic morality
Heteronomous morality
Heterogeneous morality

Question 9 of 200

9. Question

According to Loevinger, it is at the _____________ stage in which the child is able to make a clear distinction between herself or himself and her or his mother?

Conscientious Stage
Impulsive Stage
Social Conscious Stage
Opportunistic Stage

Question 10 of 200

10. Question

Growth spurts for adolescent girls generally occur

before boys' growth spurts.
after boys' growth spurts.
through adolescence.
during boys' growth spurts.

Question 11 of 200

11. Question

Kohlberg describes moral development as occurring in fixed, consecutive stages. At which stage is an individual who steals food left over from restaurants to feed poor and malnourished children?

Post-conventional
Pre-conventional
Unconventional
Conventional

Question 12 of 200

12. Question

Which of the following answers is NOT a test developed based on Murray’s work?

CAT
TAT
WRAT
EPPS

Question 13 of 200

13. Question

Infants go through stages when separated from primary caregivers over a prolonged period, according to Bowlby. Those stages in order are

detachment, despair, protest.
despair, protest, detachment.
protest, despair, detachment.
protest, detachment, despair.

Question 14 of 200

14. Question

Which of the following answers represents the most likely cause of Down’s Syndrome?

Improper genetic counterconditioning of the bio-psycho-social environment
Paternal age
A genetic defect in the reticular activating system
Improper chromosomal division during gestation resulting in an extra chromosome

Question 15 of 200

15. Question

Ageism refers to

decline in mental functioning with the aging process.
decline in physical functioning with the aging process.
loss and depression that accompany the aging process.
discrimination against the elderly.

Question 16 of 200

16. Question

Maslow defined which of the following as a metaneed?

Belonging need and love
Safety
Esteem
Self-actualization

Question 17 of 200

17. Question

Choose the proper response based on Pavlov’s scientific experiment with dogs. The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and unconditioned response (UCR) were, respectively

the food and bell.
the bell and salivation.
the bell and food.
the food and salivation.

Question 18 of 200

18. Question

Which of the following belongs to the central nervous system?

Genes
Correlation
Serotonin
Neurons

Question 19 of 200

19. Question

According to Jung, men operate on the

persona principle
anima principle
logos principle
eros principle

Question 20 of 200

20. Question

Critical periods in prenatal development refer to

times when prenatal nourishment is least crucial.
times when prenatal learning is most apt to occur.
times when teratogens or genetic abnormalities can be devastating.
times when prenatal checkups are most critical.

Question 21 of 200

21. Question

The term hospitalism was coined by

Bowlby.
Harlow.
Lorenz.
Spitz.

Question 22 of 200

22. Question

Which of the following statements is a correct comparison of the differences between adolescent boys and adolescent girls?

Sexual activity in general, and masturbation in particular, is greater among boys than girls.
Boys with high-level vocational aspirations are more likely to experience "fear of success" than are girls.
The psychological effects of early or late maturation are more extreme for girls than for boys.
Boys attain their adult height and weight about two years earlier than girls do.

Question 23 of 200

23. Question

Alzheimer’s disease is best described as

a progressive and incurable degeneration of brain cells.
a disease that can be prevented with continued physical activity during aging.
a disease that causes brain atrophy and is arrested with certain hormones.
a disease that stems from inadequate nutrition in late adulthood.

Question 24 of 200

24. Question

Which of the following theorists wrote Totem and Taboo?

Bandura
Adler
Jung
Freud

Question 25 of 200

25. Question

Sue, a normal adult, is robbed at gunpoint. After this traumatic experience, she subsequently becomes preoccupied with oral pleasures (smoking and eating). Freud’s explanation for this behavior is

fixation.
regression.
reaction formation.
denial.

Question 26 of 200

26. Question

The criteria for a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder states that the duration of the symptoms must be for at least

six months.
one month.
two months.
four months.

Question 27 of 200

27. Question

Which of the following is one of the main goals of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing?

Connect the client(s) with appropriate contacts for resources
Mitigate the psychological impact of a traumatic event
Administer personality assessments to determine the effect of the crisis on the personality and functioning of the client
Discover the main way the client has dealt with crisis in the past

Question 28 of 200

28. Question

This intervention is used with large groups of primary victims.

Defusing
Crisis Management Briefing
Demobilization
None of the Above

Question 29 of 200

29. Question

Which of the following statements would most likely be spoken by a cognitive supervisor?

When you are with this client, what kinds of things do you say to yourself?
In what ways are you treating the client like everyone else in the client's family?
Who does the client remind you of?
How does this client help you reflect on your development as a counselor?

Question 30 of 200

30. Question

A supervisor who is focused on the supervisee’s acquisition of new knowledge and skills is emphasizing __________________ development of the supervisee.

organismic
ritualistic
altruistic
mechanistic

Question 31 of 200

31. Question

Which of the following statements would most likely be spoken by a narrative supervisor?

In what ways are you treating the client like everyone else in the client's family?
How does this client help you reflect on your development as a counselor?
When you are with this client, what kinds of things do you say to yourself?
Who does the client remind you of?

Question 32 of 200

32. Question

When Levinson used the term “life cycle,” he meant

that life follows one crisis after another.
that life has a distinct character and follows a basic sequence.
that job changes are profound and expansive.
that the "empty nest syndrome" may contribute to midlife crisis.

Question 33 of 200

33. Question

Super’s Archway is a graphical representation of his theory on

the diversity of factors which impact individual roles.
career choice.
career maturity.
developmental stages.

Question 34 of 200

34. Question

This man administered the first group intelligence test.

Robert M. Yerkes
Alfred Binet
George A. Merrill
James Cattell

Question 35 of 200

35. Question

A career classification system that combines and standardizes occupational data collection into four hierarchical levels and assigns a four digit code system is the

Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC).
Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH).
Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT).
Holland Occupational Classification System (HOC).

Question 36 of 200

36. Question

Your mother has just turned 72, is still in good health, and lives by herself in a small town about 45 minutes from you. You are willing and able to assist her with any of her needs. You have encouraged her to maintain her contacts and friendships. She still meets with her church group and sews for a volunteer group. In your dealings with her, you observe the reality of what Havighurst termed as specific developmental tasks of older adulthood. All of the following are included in Havighurst’s theory EXCEPT:

Maintaining differentiation from their mate.
Elasticity of intellectual ability.
Complimentarity of occupational and spiritual goals.
Adjusting to diminished physical potency.

Question 37 of 200

37. Question

The definition of career education is

the development of effective counseling stages to further career continuity.
the provision of career development information to clients within the counseling parameter.
the training of counselors in order to effectively intervene in career development.
the provision of structured knowledge and skills programs appropriate for individual development stages.

Question 38 of 200

38. Question

Under psychoanalytic career development, which of the following is expected?

Self-efficacy is a major determinant of career choice.
Career choice must be congruent with early Oedipus/Electra fantasies.
Career choice is connected to coping mechanisms which have been created in early development.
Final career choice occurs in the latency period.

Question 39 of 200

39. Question

Ginzberg’s research led him to conclude that career choice is a

psychological process.
developmental process.
social process.
learning process.

Question 40 of 200

40. Question

Stressful retirement tends to correlate most closely with

marital status.
job status.
age.
health.

Question 41 of 200

41. Question

Self-Efficacy theory is promoted to explain which of the following?

Some of the problems in career decision-making for women
Effective personal self-image creation
Unrealistic expectations of people who find themselves in over-employed situations
Overgeneralization of experiential processes

Question 42 of 200

42. Question

Social learning theory assumes

genetic background and environment are of equal importance with unique learning experiences.
an individual will learn that which creates homeostasis between his genetic endowment and his environment.
genetic background and environment necessarily affect the learning experiences that an individual encounters.
an individual can't learn what his genetic background and environment resist.

Question 43 of 200

43. Question

Modal personal style, according to Holland, is

congruence between self and lifestyle.
congruence between the conscious self and unconscious self.
congruence between self and career preference.
congruence between work and leisure.

Question 44 of 200

44. Question

Cognitive differentiation refers to a continuous process of evaluating one’s self-in-situation, self-in-world, and self-orientation in work. Integration refers to making one’s self fit with society. Both concepts are important in connecting cognitive development (ego identity) and career development (decision-making) and are the focus of which of the following theorists?

Roe
Holland
Teideman
Super

Question 45 of 200

45. Question

Which of the following is NOT a computerized career guidance system?

Discover
GIS
Recovery
SIGI

Question 46 of 200

46. Question

When competent career counseling is available, all of the following elements will be included EXCEPT:

Exploration of values and attitudes.
Exploration of the socio-economic effect of the counselee's choice of career as it impacts needed psychosocial fluctuations.
Recognition of counselee's needs, conflicts, and relationships.
Information and factual data about counselee's resources.

Question 47 of 200

47. Question

Title 1 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) affects employers of

any number of employees.
50 or more employees.
25 or more employees.
15 or more employees.

Question 48 of 200

48. Question

The theory espoused by Ginzberg et al has been found useful

in the research of self-concept.
as a framework to study career development.
as a conceptual framework for research into the socio-cultural implications of career development.
as a theoretical guideline for research into the second level of sociological development along collateral regimens.

Question 49 of 200

49. Question

According to Super, which of the following answers most correctly labeled these words: child, student, leisurite, citizen, worker, and homemaker?

Life roles
Life-career rainbow
Career choices
Life stages

Question 50 of 200

50. Question

The classification system published by the Department of Labor that provides an index of job titles, employment projections, and occupational descriptions is the

Holland Occupational Classification System (HOC).
Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC).
Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH).
Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT).

Question 51 of 200

51. Question

As a counselor using Gelatt’s paradigm, which of the following answers most accurately depicts the skills around which you would design a career development intervention?

Job-seeking skills
Decision-making skills
Information-processing skills
Problem-solving skills

Question 52 of 200

52. Question

Current research indicates that, generally speaking, victims of abuse lack

the skills of tolerance and justification.
the ability to blame themselves for the abuse.
the perspective of self-confidence and self-reliance.
the ability to explain their abuser's innocence.

Question 53 of 200

53. Question

Blackboard Jungle, the seminal 1955 juvenile delinquency film,

introduced the enduring concept of high schoolers as “wild animals.”
gave a visual representation to the 1952 study that stated that 57 percent of people surveyed said they believed young people had as strong a sense of right and wrong as they had at the turn of the century.
could be re-made today and still totally apply to the findings of the University of Michigan’s respected Monitoring the Future study.
displays the reality of the fact that school dropout rates are lowering and that more kids are going to college.

Question 54 of 200

54. Question

Divorce rates for teenagers are

3 times greater than for parents over the age of 20.
4 times greater than for parents over the age of 20.
2 times greater than for parents under the age of 20.
None of the Above

Question 55 of 200

55. Question

A counselor who assesses her clients through a/an ___________________ view believes that the environment should change to fit the client.

autoplastic
alloplastic
conformity
life span

Question 56 of 200

56. Question

Which term describes change in the external environment?

Autoplastic
Etic
Emic
Alloplastic

Question 57 of 200

57. Question

If a counselor understands and follows the concept of least restrictive environment, he/she would

suggest that her supervisor allow her more flexibility in treatment modalities.
not suggest inpatient treatment over outpatient treatment.
suggest a scripted reading by the counselor to determine the client's learning style.
allow clients to move about the room freely during counseling sessions.

Question 58 of 200

58. Question

If you decided that a client would best be served by an autoplastic approach to change, you would

develop a treatment plan with external, measurable goals.
develop a treatment plan to help the client change himself.
develop a treatment strategy altering the client's external environment to bring about change.
develop a treatment strategy involving their immediate family.

Question 59 of 200

59. Question

The behavioral expectations of a culture for a specific gender is called

gender typing.
gender role.
gender identity.
gender stereotypes.

Question 60 of 200

60. Question

Atkinson, Morten, and Sue focused their research on minority clients. In doing so, they identified three major barriers to cross-cultural counseling. Which of the following answers correctly lists the three barriers?

Language differences, Class-bound values, Culture-bound values
Masculinity, Femininity, Maturity
Validity, Consistency, Reliability
Report, Command, Interpretation

Question 61 of 200

61. Question

The term that best describes one’s sense of masculinity or femininity is

gender typing.
gender role.
gender.
gender identity.

Question 62 of 200

62. Question

Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to cross-cultural counseling?

Culture-bound values
Generational differences
Language differences
Class-bound values

Question 63 of 200

63. Question

Joe and Marla are seeking marriage counseling from you. Most of your experience is with single females. Marla complains that Joe is not “on the same page” with her. He is too emotional about decisions regarding family interactions. You evaluate Joe’s responses based on research findings concerning sex role stereotyping that indicate that both male and female respondents believe males are

as predictable as women in emotional insight.
unreliably predictable in emotional insight.
not as emotionally perceptive as women.
more emotionally perceptive than women.

Question 64 of 200

64. Question

As Sue researched the general patterns exhibited in minority clients, he found that counselors who lack sensitivity to the needs of minority clients tend to

provide more encouragement to their minority clients.
discourage minority clients from entering vocational programs in high school.
discourage minority clients from furthering their education by applying to college.
extend the counseling relationship longer than is necessary or helpful.

Question 65 of 200

65. Question

Mary has found herself being asked to counsel several American Indian children. Her experience has been mainly focused on Asian children coming from families where English is not spoken in the home environment. As Mary contemplates her sessions with these American Indian children she is reminded that her counseling will be more successful if

specific contracting procedures are outlined and utilized.
the family does not know that the child is in counseling.
a client-centered approach is emphasized.
the family's permission and support are acquired.

Question 66 of 200

66. Question

Counselors possessing referent power can exert more influence upon their clients than those without referent power. This term, referent power, means that

clients feel that they can identify with and would like to be similar to the counselor.
the counselor has potent rewards which clients can earn.
clients view the counselor as someone with expertise.
clients see the counselor's potential disapproval as punitive.

Question 67 of 200

67. Question

Which of the following is NOT an issue when counseling minorities?

Minorities are more apt to be diagnosed with mental disorders.
Over 50 % tend to terminate counseling after the first session.
Appropriate training in cross-cultural counseling is important.
Counselors require a narrow framework of knowledge of cross-cultural counseling.

Question 68 of 200

68. Question

The term that best describes cognitive impairment with no recognition of objects but with intact sensory functioning is

delirium.
apraxia.
aphasia.
agnosia.

Question 69 of 200

69. Question

A counselor is discussing a problem that a client has requested help with. As the client describes what is going on, you are taking notes. Among the things you are writing down are manifestations of a pathological condition, otherwise termed

symptoms.
syndromes.
signs.
signals.

Question 70 of 200

70. Question

Impairment in understanding non-verbal cues, inability to learn the reciprocal nature of social conversations, and a lack of understanding relationships in general best describes

motor skill disorders.
communication disorders.
autism spectrum disorders.
learning disorders.

Question 71 of 200

71. Question

A client verbalizes the following: “You have to slow down to be sorry. Everything that has to do with “s” is connected to slow—stillness, slide, supper, sorrow, schedule. I have to get a better job. I have so much trouble working a late shift. Those late fees at Blockbuster are eating my lunch these days.” This client is manifesting

thought withdrawal.
nonaffective hallucinations.
flight of ideas.
neologistic speech.

Question 72 of 200

72. Question

One of Julie’s clients came to her upon the recommendation of his physician. The physician had prescribed Valium for the client to alleviate “minor instances of stress.” At first, small doses of Valium were effective, but as the year progressed, the client found that increasingly larger doses became necessary to bring about similar stress reduction. The counselor then concluded that the client had developed a reaction to the Valium that could be termed a/an

physical dependence.
psychological dependence.
tolerance.
addiction.

Question 73 of 200

73. Question

Enduring sexual urges to be with children are labeled by the term

fetishism.
exhibitionism.
frotteurism.
pedophilia.

Question 74 of 200

74. Question

What do the various symptoms of conduct disorder have in common?

All involve aggression
All violate the rights of others
All lead to involvement with the legal system
All are upsetting to the child himself, as well as to those around him

Question 75 of 200

75. Question

What is the primary characteristic of histrionic personality disorder?

Inability to make realistic life plans
Avoidance of others
Overly dramatic and attention seeking
Multiple, vague physical complaints

Question 76 of 200

76. Question

Meta-analysis is a term used in research that refers to

statistically combining the results of numerous studies.
producing many studies before deciding an outcome.
using small numbers of subject from many clusters in a study.
using extremely large numbers of subjects in an analytical study.

Question 77 of 200

77. Question

Given the scores 50, 80, 90, 60, 80, 100, and 70, the mode is

70
50
80
60

Question 78 of 200

78. Question

Roughly _________% of the entire group of scores falls within one standard deviation of the mean.

85
50
68
25

Question 79 of 200

79. Question

The single most important criterion for evaluating psychological research is

the experimenter's bias.
how the research is interpreted.
subject honesty.
the generalizability.

Question 80 of 200

80. Question

Which of the following research methodologies would you use to study the effects of homelessness brought about by torrential rainfalls on the Eastern coast?

Correlational Research
Descriptive Research
Outcome Research
Action Research

Question 81 of 200

81. Question

Carkhuff and Egan’s HRD model was based on

process research.
correlational research.
quasi-experimental research.
the Solomon.

Question 82 of 200

82. Question

Assessments based on Piaget’s theories produce scales which assume

uniform development sequencing.
operational causality.
motor coordination.
minimum language development.

Question 83 of 200

83. Question

Which of the following is NOT an example of group intelligence measures?

SOMPA
OLSAT 7
NNAT
COGAT

Question 84 of 200

84. Question

With which of the following types of individuals or positions would one find personality tests used most often in personnel screening?

With positions that require a high level of psychological performance
With government officials in high political positions
With individuals in the largest corporations
With job applicants who have histories of previous psychiatric hospitalizations

Question 85 of 200

85. Question

Which of the following tests would be administered to a physically handicapped child and involves the child’s matching the best picture with a verbal response from the examiner?

Peabody Picture Vocabulary
McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities
Gesell Development Schedules
Miller Assessment for Preschoolers

Question 86 of 200

86. Question

Assuming a test is considered to be a standardized test, which of the following is NOT true?

An examiner motivating a child to take a test using verbal praise will have an equal effect as an examiner using candy.
A small amount of anxiety improves test performance.
Too much anxiety has a negative effect on test performance.
An emotionally depressing experience before a test can negatively affect performance.

Question 87 of 200

87. Question

The Bender-Visual Motor Gestalt Test is most frequently associated with _____________ .

Hand-eye coordination
Intellectual Disability
Abrupt memory
Brain damage

Question 88 of 200

88. Question

An intelligence measure that is useful in assessment of physically disabled children and that requires matching the best picture to a verbal stimuli is

SOMPA.
Peabody Picture Vocabulary.
CMMS.
WISC-IV.

Question 89 of 200

89. Question

In 1905, the Binet-Simon Scale became the first standardized intelligence test using which of the following for the norm group?

Returning war veterans
School children in New York
Children of American factory workers in the northeast
intellectually disabled children in Paris schools

Question 90 of 200

90. Question

Given that Test X is a widely respected test of intelligence that has been in use for numerous years, and Test Y is a newer, shorter test that is easier to administer, you could assume that the validation of Test Y with Test X would be

concurrent validation.
construct validation.
predictive validation.
content validation.

Question 91 of 200

91. Question

Sources of random error in a test include all of the following EXCEPT:

Guessing and test length.
Homogeneous or heterogeneous test items.
Changing or stable factors being measured.
Consistent wording of items.

Question 92 of 200

92. Question

Projective techniques

are basically modified forced-choice techniques.
purport to measure the more superficial aspects of personality.
are relatively unstructured situations or materials.
should be administered only by psychiatrists or social workers.

Question 93 of 200

93. Question

Regarding the administration and scoring of the Binet, the basal age is calculated as the

highest age level at which all the tests are passed.
first level at which all subtests are failed.
minimal performance level for passing.
minimum score required for mental age score.

Question 94 of 200

94. Question

Which of the following scales of the MMPI-2 measures suspiciousness, complaints of persecution, and being easily hurt?

Ma – Scale 9
Pd – Scale 4
Pt – Scale 7
Pa – Scale 6

Question 95 of 200

95. Question

A clinician seeking to enhance the reliability of the assessment interview would do well to use

a flexible rather than a structured interview.
tests with low validity.
projective tests.
rating scales.

Question 96 of 200

96. Question

The MMPI-2 has as one of its strengths the fact that

it now incorporates an increased number of items from behavioral and cognitive theoretical perspectives.
the validity scales have all been discarded.
it can now appropriately be used with children under age 12.
the clinical scales measure the same properties of personality organization as they always have.

Question 97 of 200

97. Question

Standardized assessment measures that are often used to match employee traits to the norms of people who are successful in certain employment positions are called

employment inventories.
diagnostic inventories.
interest inventories.
trait inventories.

Question 98 of 200

98. Question

Which of the following books would most likely be used by a counselor called to court to defend his/her use of a particular assessment device?

Assessment Sketches
The OOH
Mental Measurement Yearbook
Tests in Print

Question 99 of 200

99. Question

Qualities of a good test, or one that has psychometric quality, include all but which one of the following?

Norms
Validity
Reliability
Discrimination of items

Question 100 of 200

100. Question

John comes to you for career exploration and consultation. At 35 years of age he has decided to consider changing fields. After several sessions to clarify his goals and interests, you decide to have him take the SII. Although he had to reschedule several times, he finally takes the SII two weeks after you had originally set it up. After his inventory is scored, the results indicate that his primary occupational theme is E. Which answer below correctly indicates the occupational theme John would most likely be the LEAST successful operating from?

Social
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic

Question 101 of 200

101. Question

Lloyd has come to you for vocational counseling. You discuss with him your probable use of which of the following instruments for such clients?

WAIS-III
Primary Mental Abilities Test
General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale – 5th Edition

Question 102 of 200

102. Question

Grace has been counseling for ten years. She is considering going to a more flexible type of assessment interview. As compared to a controlled and structured type of interview, Grace is possibly choosing the flexible interview because

she knows that the flexible interview is more reliable.
the flexible interview shows higher correlations with other clinical tools, such as the MMPI-2.
she has become overconfident in the accuracy of her own judgments.
research shows that the flexible interview is more valid.

Question 103 of 200

103. Question

The five major dimensions of the five-factor theory can be measured by

the TAT personality test.
the Strong-Campbell inventory.
the NEO-PI-R personality inventory.
the MMPI personality test.

Question 104 of 200

104. Question

Jessie, a 55-year-old widow, is exploring the basis of her depression. She asks you the question, “Why would God do this to me. I’ve always tried to be a good Christian?” In an attempt to integrate spirituality into your practice, you respond,

“Perhaps I can help you reconnect with God so you won’t feel as alone.”
“I know it’s hard not to be angry with God. But do you think he would do this to you?”
“If you were God, would you create depression?”
“This is a big question that you ask. It seems hard to know what these powerful life events mean.”

Question 105 of 200

105. Question

Thorne proposed that individuals who would benefit most from eclectic counseling are those

who are suicidal or homicidal.
who are uncooperative clients.
who are sufficiently articulate to deal with problems on verbal levels.
who are inaccessible.

Question 106 of 200

106. Question

Reality therapy regards goals as

unimportant and left to the cognitive-behavior domain.
in the hands of the therapist.
valuable, though vague to the client.
in the hands of the client.

Question 107 of 200

107. Question

Extremely obese individuals benefit the most from psychological treatment procedures that

are insight-oriented therapies supplemented by diet pills.
involve procedures based on decreasing the individual’s sensitivity to internal cues.
involve rapid weight loss through medically aided procedures.
are behavioral management methods.

Question 108 of 200

108. Question

Who worked with Miller to show that by employing “rewards” rats could be trained to alter heart rates and intestinal contractions ?

Thorndike
Wolpe
Pavlov
Banuazizi

Question 109 of 200

109. Question

The theorists most noted for non-directive play therapy is

Otto Rank.
Anna Freud.
Virginia Axline.
David Levy.

Question 110 of 200

110. Question

Concerning lithium carbonate, it is true that it

has potentially dangerous side effects.
is a chemical that changes the neuronal structure of the brain.
can be used only for short periods of time, since it loses its effectiveness with time.
is effective for unipolar, but not bipolar disorders.

Question 111 of 200

111. Question

Which of the following is true regarding Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis?

Males received more attention than females.
Male and female adults were equally ignored as Freud was primarily interested in children; their gender didn't matter.
Males and females received about equal attention.
Females received more attention than males.

Question 112 of 200

112. Question

Which of the following would be an accurate statement regarding therapists?

They are usually able to bring about necessary changes in behavior through insight alone.
They rarely use theoretical principles to guide their actions.
They are able to use the same style of therapy for all clients.
They are usually the first to admit that their art is inexact.

Question 113 of 200

113. Question

Which of the following is true of the techniques utilized by existential therapists?

Techniques, per se , are not employed.
Confrontation is rarely used.
Techniques are implemented only after a careful diagnosis is made.
Techniques from other approaches are often borrowed and incorporated.

Question 114 of 200

114. Question

Which theoretical orientation would lead a counselor to refuse to listen to a client’s explanation as to why the client was unable to carry out plans made in their previous session?

Contingency Management
Transactional Analysis
Person-centered Therapy
Reality Therapy

Question 115 of 200

115. Question

Every time a rat pushes a lever, a food pellet is disbursed. In operant conditioning, this is called

discriminative stimulus.
secondary reinforcement.
contingent reinforcement.
non-contingent reinforcement.

Question 116 of 200

116. Question

Mary has sought counseling for a problem. Her counselor asks her to recall a dream and re-enact it as though it were happening now. This approach to dream work is characteristic of

Classical Psychoanalysis.
Gestalt Therapy.
Transactional Analysis.
Jungian Analysis.

Question 117 of 200

117. Question

Individual psychology is concerned with all of the following EXCEPT:

fictional finalism
the actualizing tendency
striving for superiority
becoming

Question 118 of 200

118. Question

Since Gestalt therapists pay attention to the language used by their clients, which of the following verbalizations would be encouraged by a gestaltist?

People think that…
I should…
I suppose…
I want…

Question 119 of 200

119. Question

Daniel is receiving treatment to alleviate anxiety. His counselor is utilizing systematic desensitization in his therapy. Therefore, Daniel will

be exposed initially to the fearful stimulus in vivo followed by in vitro exposure.
go through the entire hierarchy in one session, which usually takes about four hours.
be exposed to the fearful stimulus only after being taught the process known as relaxation training.
be exposed initially to the most fearful stimulus in his hierarchy and work through to the least fearful stimulus.

Question 120 of 200

120. Question

In the psychoanalytic model of therapy, maintaining the analytic framework is critical to the accomplishment of goals. All of the following are NOT factors involved in this technique EXCEPT:

Full disclosure by the analyst.
Breaks to allow for interruptions such as vacations.
Sessions beginning and ending on time.
Allowing discussion and negotiation of the fee structure.

Question 121 of 200

121. Question

One theorist based his theory upon motivational processes or drive. His model states that there is an association between biological needs, drives to reduce those needs, and goal-directed behavior that will reduce the drives and bring about equilibrium. The person behind this theory is

George Kelly.
B.F. Skinner.
Ivan Pavlov.
Clark Hull.

Question 122 of 200

122. Question

A basic premise of individual psychology is that

feelings of inferiority motivate accomplishment.
humans are born with feelings of superiority.
problems come from self-defeating behaviors.
individuals are without freedom to choose direction in life.

Question 123 of 200

123. Question

Adler’s approach to therapy grew out of his exposure to

the behavioral approach.
the rational-oriented therapies.
the existential approach.
the psychoanalytic approach.

Question 124 of 200

124. Question

When reinforcement follows an average number of non-reinforced responses, but is unpredictable, the reinforcement schedule is called

fixed ratio.
variable ratio.
variable-interval.
None of the Above

Question 125 of 200

125. Question

George’s private practice consists of a majority of clients in the thirty to forty-five year old range. Many of them are expressing role confusion and identity crises. As a counselor George believes that all behavior is learned and that individuals come for counseling because they suffer. He feels that his clients evaluate their counseling by the relief they experience. George uses counseling techniques designed to reduce anxiety by teaching and having his clients learn relaxation techniques. George has as his theoretical orientation

rational-emotive counseling.
psychotherapy by systematic desensitization.
existential counseling.
trait and factor counseling.

Question 126 of 200

126. Question

Your client is a lady who is afraid of flying. “So where would you go if you weren’t afraid of flying?” “I’d go visit my sister in Wyoming!” Flying to Wyoming becomes the major goal. Using Operant Conditioning, you work out a list of goals with her and a schedule of reinforcements for each achieved goal. Each time she meets a goal she gets to buy something for her travel wardrobe or a piece of new luggage. Likewise, you work out a list of agreed to punishments. She completes Step #1 of her treatment plan of buying an airplane magazine. Next week you ask, “How’d it go? Did buying the magazine create any anxiety?” “No.” “Did you look through it?” “Yes.” “Any anxiety?” “No.” “OK – For next week, create a collage of airplanes and place yourself somewhere in that collage.” Having accomplished step #1, she gets to go buy her first piece of new luggage. When she comes in with the completed collage she gets to go buy her 2nd piece of luggage. However, since she couldn’t bring herself to walk through an airport terminal (Step #8), the agreed to punishment takes place: She has to return all of the luggage. Which of the following answers most closely describes the process of you going with your client to the airport, getting on a plane, putting a seat-belt one, and having the pilot rev the engines?

Implosive Therapy
Flooding
Thought Stopping
Connection

Question 127 of 200

127. Question

George’s client Mike comes from an obviously deprived social background. His parents “did the best they could” but twenty-seven-year-old Mike has no concrete goals and spends much time daydreaming how to get the best of those better off than he is. George has based Mike’s therapy on the belief that Mike is essentially good in nature and that growth and productivity are Mike’s natural tendencies. This theory is

Reality Therapy.
biofeedback.
REBT.
person-centered.

Question 128 of 200

128. Question

Jayme, a tenth grader, is referred to you for counseling. She thinks she is a Lesbian and is feeling harassed by her classmates. You initially respond,

“Jayme, it sounds like you’re confused about your sexual orientation and that some of your friends are giving you a hard time about being different.”
“Jayme, I’m honored that you want to talk with me. I don’t really have any experience with sexual orientation problems but together we can come up with some ideas.”
“Have you talked with your parents and/or minister?”
“Jayme, it sounds like you’ve opened up some questions that are taking your friends beyond their comfort zone and that in turn they are creating some discomfort or maybe even a sense of pressure for you.”

Question 129 of 200

129. Question

Which of the following would be considered an accurate statement?

Psychoanalysis is intensive.
Psychoanalysis focuses on current behavior and minimizes past experiences.
Psychoanalysis assumes that the client is able to self-actualize without the help of others.
Psychoanalysis is a relatively brief form of therapy.

Question 130 of 200

130. Question

Irrational beliefs, awfulizing, absolutes in language, and self-blame are terms most often used in

behavior modification.
rational-emotive behavioral therapy.
multimodal therapy.
reality therapy.

Question 131 of 200

131. Question

Behavior is the perception of reality in which theory?

Field
Behavioral
Reality
Gestalt

Question 132 of 200

132. Question

Early childhood experiences, unmet neurotic needs leading to unconscious motivation, and repressed hostility are terms most closely identified with

Sullivan.
Horney.
Freud.
Rank.

Question 133 of 200

133. Question

In the classic research by Ivan Pavlov on the conditioned reflex in dogs, he presents food to a dog and the dog salivates. He then presents a tone just before the food, and the dog once again salivates. After repeated pairings of the tone and food, the dog salivates at the sound of the tone without the food being presented. In this study, the tone is

a conditioned stimulus.
an unconditioned stimulus.
an unconditioned response.
a conditioned response.

Question 134 of 200

134. Question

Which of the following therapies strives to increase an individual’s awareness and self-acceptance as its primary goal?

Behavior Therapy
Beck's Cognitive Therapy
Gestalt Therapy
Object Relations Therapy

Question 135 of 200

135. Question

The special education advocates in this country purposely mainstream intellectually disabled children in an attempt to

avoid isolation of such children within the school.
provide special education classes for such children.
provide computer-assisted instruction to such children.
help such children attain the academic levels of other children.

Question 136 of 200

136. Question

The eclectic counseling viewpoint has been promoted mainly by

Frederick Thorne.
E.G. Williamson.
Carl Rogers.
John Krumboltz.

Question 137 of 200

137. Question

Maurice has set up a practice dealing with families of various economic means. He uses a sliding scale for his fees in an attempt to include as many families as possible in his practice. His emphasis with families of alcoholics is on

increasing the punitiveness of the family towards the alcoholic individual.
the alcoholic individual as a member of a disturbed family.
the psychotic thinking of the alcoholic individual.
absolving the alcoholic individual of the responsibility of his or her drinking.

Question 138 of 200

138. Question

Considering the structures of personality in a psychoanalytic framework, the id operates at an unconscious level of awareness according to the

moral principle.
pleasure principle.
reality principle.
unconscious principle.

Question 139 of 200

139. Question

Rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) was developed by

Aaron Beck.
Rudolph Dreikurs.
Albert Ellis.
Kurt Lewin.

Question 140 of 200

140. Question

All of the following correctly represent essential elements of existential therapy EXCEPT:

Self-awareness is at the heart of existential belief.
Existential therapists are trained in a highly refined set of techniques.
The relationship between the client and therapist is essentially important.
Internal representation of the client's feelings are necessary.

Question 141 of 200

141. Question

Which of Fromm’s basic needs is missing from this list: Relatedness, Rootedness, Identity, Frame of Orientation.

Interconnectedness
Isolation
Configuration
Transcendence

Question 142 of 200

142. Question

Transactions are a series of stimulus-response connections between two individuals’ ego states. The best described purpose of transactions is for

game playing.
introjection.
ego equilibrium.
strokes.

Question 143 of 200

143. Question

Trait types identified by Cattell include

surface traits.
s-factored traits.
theoretical traits.
cardinal traits.

Question 144 of 200

144. Question

Major causes of burnout are listed below, but one does not belong. Which one inaccurately represents causes of burnout?

Nonreciprocated giving
Tedious work tasks
Repression of personal conflict
Passive nature of counseling

Question 145 of 200

145. Question

The three most effective counselor skills according to Ivey are

attending, listening, influencing.
influencing, paraphrasing, caring.
attending, confronting, advising.
listening, confronting, summarizing.

Question 146 of 200

146. Question

Non-verbal cues in a counseling session account for

less communication impact than vocal tone.
more than half of the communication impact.
less than half of the communication impact.
less communication impact than verbal cues.

Question 147 of 200

147. Question

In analyzing approaches to therapy, a systems approach to therapy is generally assumed to be most appropriately associated with

therapy for interpersonal relationships.
existential therapy.
cognitive therapy.
humanistic therapy.

Question 148 of 200

148. Question

Which of the following theorists introduced the concept of homeostasis into family therapy?

Paul Dell
William Ashby
Walter Cannon
Don Jackson

Question 149 of 200

149. Question

Which of the following terms most accurately describes the process of parents passing on their level of undifferentiation and or immaturity to their children?

Family rule systems
Family secrets
Family projection process
Family relations process

Question 150 of 200

150. Question

Which of the following answers most correctly includes techniques vital to Bowen’s family systems therapy?

Triangulation; Centration; The family-projection process
Multigenerational transposition process; Punctuation; Differentiation of the self
Sibling position; Recursiveness; Perturbations
The multigenerational transmission process; Sibling position; Societal regression

Question 151 of 200

151. Question

A family triad is best represented as

2 family members plus 1 family member.
4 family members plus 1 family member.
3 family members.
1 family member plus 1 family member plus 1 family member.

Question 152 of 200

152. Question

Unspoken directives about the rules within families may be called

overt rules.
covert rules.
metarules.
base rules.

Question 153 of 200

153. Question

Anxiety, intergenerational emotional processes, and integration of self are key elements in family systems theory. The developer of this theory is

Satir.
Haley.
Minuchin.
Bowen.

Question 154 of 200

154. Question

In the Milan systemic family model, what is the focus of treatment?

Family rules
Family alliances
Family games
None of the Above

Question 155 of 200

155. Question

A common problem that causes much distress in marital adjustment is

assuming that marriage involves friendship.
believing that keeping channels of communication open will help solve problems.
placing emphasis on both verbal and nonverbal communication.
faulty role expectations.

Question 156 of 200

156. Question

Homeostasis refers to

the usual steady state of a system.
the constant, expanding movement of a system out of control.
the state of a system as it circles other systems.
the fear of stasis.

Question 157 of 200

157. Question

Which of the following answers correctly defines the type of boundary typified by family members continually asking for the support of family members instead of making their own decisions?

Diffuse
Discontinuous
Duplicate
Diverse

Question 158 of 200

158. Question

Integrative models of therapy refer to all BUT which of the approaches listed below?

Eclecticism
Selective borrowing
Specific perspective
Specially designed models

Question 159 of 200

159. Question

What is the invisible covert set of functional demands or codes that organize the way family members interact?

Structure
Boundaries
Coalitions
Subsystems

Question 160 of 200

160. Question

The term undifferentiated family ego mass would be a possible further description of which of the following concepts?

Nondemand ambience
Nontherapeutic coalition
Normative-comparison
Nuclear family emotional system

Question 161 of 200

161. Question

____________ is an intervention designed to develop information about the subsystems, processes, and patterns of behavior within an organization and to mobilize energy for change.

Supervision
Problem-solving
Communication
Diagnosing

Question 162 of 200

162. Question

A consultant utilizes a questionnaire and interviews to determine the level of job satisfaction. What diagnostic activity is she involved in?

Data collection
Discovery
Feedback
Proactive injunctions

Question 163 of 200

163. Question

Consultants who are hired by businesses, agencies, or schools are most likely conducting which type of consultation?

Referral
Peer
Industrial
Organizational

Question 164 of 200

164. Question

Preventing needless group floundering and increasing the pace of the group process is accomplished by employing the skill known as

modeling.
blocking.
initiating.
protecting.

Question 165 of 200

165. Question

How many intervention levels are included in Coyne’s “group work grid”?

5
4
6
3

Question 166 of 200

166. Question

Encouraging self-exploration to a greater depth along with providing a fresh perspective for evaluating and understanding one’s behavior would be accomplished by employing the skill known as

supporting.
clarifying.
interpreting.
confronting.

Question 167 of 200

167. Question

Which of the following characteristics would most likely enhance a group leader’s ability to be an effective social model for the group?

The leader has high prestige and status.
The leader maintains interpersonal distance and takes an expert role.
The leader is of the opposite sex from members.
The leader is several years older than the members.

Question 168 of 200

168. Question

Which of the following is true regarding marathon groups?

They are rarely used in REBT.
They are seen as counterproductive for cognitive work to occur.
They are often used in conjunction with weekly REBT groups.
Marathon groups, an extension of T-groups, are invaluable due to time constraints.

Question 169 of 200

169. Question

Co-leadership can be a disadvantage when

leaders are working against each other.
problems between leaders are aired in a format that effectively models positive conflict resolution.
leaders are trying to avoid burnout.
both leaders have achieved the same education levels.

Question 170 of 200

170. Question

Adlerian groups are NOT known for

analysis of individual dynamics.
developing rapport in a group through sharing of dreams.
establishing a therapeutic relationship.
insight.

Question 171 of 200

171. Question

It is truly stated that confidentiality as it pertains to the group setting is

limited by state laws.
something that members can be guaranteed.
a legal right of every member.
an absolute that can never be broken for any reason.

Question 172 of 200

172. Question

Adlerian group theory utilizes such techniques as role-plays, interpretation, mirroring and suggestions, and is conducted through which of the following four phases?

Join, Relate, Resolve, Rejoin
Establish relationship, Assessment, Insight, Reorientation
Build rapport, Diagnose, Predict, Close
Commit, Crack, Conquer, Close

Question 173 of 200

173. Question

Role-playing in REBT groups is viewed as

being designed to evoke strong feelings.
involving a cognitive-emotive evaluation of feelings and beliefs.
being of a strictly cognitive nature.
being rarely appropriate.

Question 174 of 200

174. Question

Which of the following would best be said of a person-centered group leader?

He/she is a judge.
He/she is a teacher.
He/she is a friend.
He/she is a facilitator.

Question 175 of 200

175. Question

Structured groups have several advantages and disadvantages. All of the following are considered to NOT be beneficial of structured groups EXCEPT:

Its use to generate energetic interaction within the group.
Its use to fill in gaps of time when feelings are withheld by group members.
Its use with feedback in the beginning of a group’s stages.
Its use in long term therapy.

Question 176 of 200

176. Question

The group stages of orientation, conflict, cohesiveness, and termination were identified by

Tuckman.
Corey.
Yalom.
Olhsen.

Question 177 of 200

177. Question

A group therapist who uses “horizontal interventions” most likely

approaches the group as a whole.
approaches the individuals who are within a group separately.
approaches the group bilaterally.
approaches the group vertically.

Question 178 of 200

178. Question

A men’s group is formed with the expressed purpose of learning to understand and to deal with their reactions to the women’s liberation movement. Their group could be classified as a

sexual reorientation group.
discussion group.
consciousness raising group.
therapy group.

Question 179 of 200

179. Question

Sarah has been invited to join a group based on Gestalt therapy. The term “awareness,” as used in the first group meeting, is best described in this context as

recognition of why one struggles with certain problems.
introspection.
insight.
recognition of current feelings, actions, and sensations.

Question 180 of 200

180. Question

As clients seek counseling for their many and varied reasons, they make their choices between individual and group counseling as well. One particular advantage of using group counseling versus individual counseling is

less paperwork.
session time is longer.
cheaper in time and money for the client.
insurance companies are more apt to pay.

Question 181 of 200

181. Question

The major factor to consider in selecting group members is

the degree to which the prospective member likes the leader.
whether they will contribute to the group or whether they will be counterproductive.
whether they are dependent or independent personalities.
the degree to which the group leader likes the person.

Question 182 of 200

182. Question

Ohlsen describes twelve factors for group therapeutic potential that include

security, safety, decreased aggression, motivation.
focusing, withdrawing, coming together, isolating.
self-disclosure, identity strength, responsibility for others.
competence, commitment, readiness for change, productive tension.

Question 183 of 200

183. Question

Counselors form groups for different purposes. One example would be the group formed to yield some specified outcome or “product.” Another group might have a primary goal of focusing on the “process” of interaction within the group. All of the following types of groups would be considered to NOT be more product than process oriented EXCEPT for the ________________ group.

behavioral
transactional analysis
client-centered
Adlerian

Question 184 of 200

184. Question

In which decade did Thorndike formulate his “Law of Effect”?

1920s
1940s
1930s
1910s

Question 185 of 200

185. Question

“I think it’s quite fascinating that a group that’s talking about civil rights wants to curtail my right to make a living, speak my point of view, and to have my religious convictions.” This quote is attributed to

Dr. Laura Schlessinger.
Mr. Irvin Yalom.
Mr. Rush Limbaugh.
None of the Above

Question 186 of 200

186. Question

A female client completes therapy with her female counselor after 6 months. They both believe that counseling was very beneficial. Throughout the course of treatment, the counselor and client noticed that they had a lot in common and acknowledged that under other circumstances they could become good friends. Six months after termination of therapy, the client calls the counselor and suggests that they begin a social relationship. What is the primary ethical issue?

Confidentiality
Professional competence
Negligence
Multiple relationships

Question 187 of 200

187. Question

As a school counselor you have spent the day in individual sessions with students of one of the fifth grade sections in your school. One student excitedly tells you about the family’s plans to adopt a dog from the local animal shelter. Another child avoids answering some of your questions and you come to suspect that the child is being sexually abused by her stepfather. Another child bounces back and forth from talking about playing his new video game to describing the new coach of his baseball team. Which of the following answers most accurately describes an ethical and legal obligation that must be acted on based on this day’s events?

Exercise professional discretion about breaking the child's confidentiality
Investigate the situation
Inform the child's mother
Inform child protective services

Question 188 of 200

188. Question

Professional organizations do much to promote the counseling profession. Identify the first professional counseling association, created in the early 1900’s.

The American Counseling Association.
The American Counseling and Guidance Association.
The National Federation of Professional Counselors.
The National Vocational Guidance Association.

Question 189 of 200

189. Question

The ACA’s code of ethics was originally written under the auspices of another group’s name. Which of the following most closely represents this previous group’s name?

ADBA
AACC
ADA
AACD

Question 190 of 200

190. Question

The professional counseling organization that is considered the umbrella organization for counselors is which of the following?

American Counseling Association
Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
National Board for Certified Counselors
American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists

Question 191 of 200

191. Question

A document that implies demonstrated knowledge and skill is a

degree plan.
tort.
certificate.
license.

Question 192 of 200

192. Question

Professional organizations are non-profit and voluntarily joined and do all of the following EXCEPT:

Assist in the maintenance of professional skills.
Protect only the professional in private practice.
Promote excellence in practice.
Enhance public recognition of the efforts of the profession.

Question 193 of 200

193. Question

After a few sessions, a client tells her counselor that she would feel much more comfortable and would open up more readily if they could meet somewhere other than the counselor’s office. She suggests that maybe they could meet at a park or a coffee shop. What is the potential ethical issue raised in the situation?

Duty to protect
Counselor competence
Informed consent
Multiple relationships

Question 194 of 200

194. Question

Jolie has been seeing you weekly for counseling for two years. During the time Jolie has shown marked improvement in terms of depression and ineffective decision-making. Case notes for the last six months reflect a pattern of Jolie updating you on her work and dating relationships. Then, the two of you discuss various decisions, actions that she is considering. Jolie signals no intent to terminate counseling. In terms of the issue of termination, Jolie’s case suggests

client dependence.
treating the client benignly.
counter transference in the form of mirroring.
effective collaboration and social constructivism.

Question 195 of 200

195. Question

The term that best describes serving others with well meaning is

autonomy.
beneficence.
nonmaleficence.
fidelity.

Question 196 of 200

196. Question

Which of the following components is NOT typically included in a comprehensive treatment plan?

Client's treatment goals
Medication dosage
Interventions and strategies
Target outcomes and measurements

Question 197 of 200

197. Question

Which of the following ethical principles should guide a mental health provider when creating a treatment plan?

Confidentiality
Dual relationships
Self-disclosure
Boundary violations

Question 198 of 200

198. Question

Rachel, a 16-year-old, experiences severe panic attacks. What should be a priority in her treatment plan?

Immediate medication to reduce panic symptoms.
Teaching relaxation techniques.
Identifying and challenging irrational fears.
Encouraging her to confront panic triggers.

Question 199 of 200

199. Question

Melissa, a 22-year-old woman, is struggling with self-esteem issues and body dysmorphic disorder. What should be included in her treatment plan?

Immediate cosmetic surgery consultation.
Identifying and challenging distorted thoughts about appearance.
Encouraging excessive exercise to improve body image.
Administering anxiolytic medication.

Question 200 of 200

200. Question

Daniel, a 32-year-old man, presents with substance abuse and a history of relapse. What is a primary focus in his treatment plan?

Immediate detoxification.
Exploring childhood trauma.
Administering opioid replacement therapy.
Encouraging abstinence from all substances.